In particular, the ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) is used for the detection of proteins, viruses or low molecular weight compounds (for example: hormones, pesticides and toxins), and their concentration determinations.
In this enzyme immunoassay (EIA) a polystyrene multiwell plate is coated with a specific antibody (capture antibody) against the sample (analyte or antigens). This immobilized antibody binds a specific amino acid sequence (epitope) of the analyte. This is followed by an incubation with a second antibody (detection antibody), which can be both monoclonal origin (from hybridoma cells), as well as polyclonal (from animal serum). If this antibody is already conjugated to a fluorophore, or an enzyme, the detection can be done directly. If the second antibody is uncoupled, a further, conjugated antibody is necessary for detection (indirect ELISA). Thus, a characteristic color change by the addition of a substrate or a monochromatic excitation (in the case of a fluorophore-conjugated antibody) can be achieved and utilized for detection.
The ELISA test formats can be divided in direct or indirect ELISA, sandwich ELISA and competitive or inhibitory ELISA tests.
An ELISA kit offers you additional flexibility, since you are able to coat the polystyrene multiwell on your own for your own needs.
Descriptive information about ELISA are available in our Data Library.
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